Motivation of Employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation of Employees - Essay Example This paper mainly focuses on the impact of managers and leaders on employee's motivation. Many researchers have found that in spite of any theory of employee motivation, the high motivation among them invariably depends on interesting work, pay, good working conditions, appreciation that they receive from their superiors, and job security. These factors are important factors in helping to motivate employee (BPIR.com, 2002). When we look at the advantages of employee it can be pointed out that motivational and inspirational experiences in their organizational life improve employees' attitudes, confidence and performance. Managers and leaders are expected to have exceptionally good leadership qualities and good people-motivation skills and inspirational techniques that will help to improve total productivity. There are several motivational methods. It may range from inspirational quotes and poems, to team building games and activities, warm-ups and exercises for conferences, workshops, meetings and events, which itself can often be helpful for motivation of most of the employees. According to the McGregor's XY Theory of motivation, motivated people perform better. Douglas McGregor who was an American social psychologist, in his 1960 book 'The Human Side of Enterprise' proposed the famous X-Y theory. Theory x and theory y are even today referred to in the field of management and motivation. McGregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Hence it is important for all the managers to follow some of the basic principles of this theory because McGregor's XY Theory still remains central to organizational development, and to improving organizational culture. This theory is a simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day work are easily forgotten. According to McGregor there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. In general it is found that many managers follow theory x, and sometimes get poor results. Other managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. In any organization it is found that people playing games or competing in teams learn about each other, and also in this process communicate better and see each other in a new light. It also results in mutual respect. This is the bases on which Johari Window theory is based. The Johari Window model was formulated by American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in the 1950's, while researching group dynamics. The Johari Window model is a simple and valuable tool for illustrating and improving self-awareness, and mutual understanding between individuals within a group in an organization. Today, the Johari Window model is particularly relevant due to modern emphasis on, and influence of, 'soft' skills, behaviour, empathy, cooperation, inter-group development and interpersonal development. People often enjoy events which include new non-work activities, especially when managers and bosses take part in the same teams as their junior staff, which also helps cohesiveness and 'can-do' culture (businessballs.com, 2006). Role of leaders and managers in motivating employees Motivation is a complex area and it is different for each person. It is important to get the alignment and values right, and motivational methods

Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation Essay - 5

Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation - Essay Example Researchers such as Harris and Rice are of the perspective that the more conventional talk therapy psychopaths receive, the more they are able to hone their skills of manipulation, deceit (Patrick, 2006). Consequently, the probability of future risk offending accelerates as psychopaths are already more susceptible to violence and offences over a longer span of time than non-psychopaths. A retrospective study carried out in 2011 revealed escalated criminal recidivism after customary psychopathy treatments. Empirical studies have even revealed that treatments suited for other offenders can actually prove detrimental for psychopaths (McMurran, Egan, & Ahmadi, 1998). This point can be understood by considering the fact that psychopaths are categorically dissimilar from other offenders. They have no impairment or wrong that can be fixed by therapy or clinical treatments. Instead, they display an evolutionarily viable life strategy based on manipulation, cheating, callousness, and the like traits. Personality disorders encompass symptoms that tend to be rigid, inflexible, and maladaptive; thus making it nearly impossible to treat a person completely. Harris and Rice emphasize there is hardly any evidence of a complete cure or effectual treatment for psychopaths. This is because no medicine can instil emotions such as empathy, sympathy and the like. In fact, some research even demonstrated that punitive measures and behaviour modification methodologies have no impact on improving the metal state of psychopaths (Patrick, 2006) Likewise, Hervey Cleckley also is of the view that psychopaths neither benefit from the treatment and nor are capable of entering into emotional relations that are a pre-requisite for effective therapy. The clinical literature is equally pessimistic on the subject (Cleckley, 1982). For now, the best available literature advocates that effective management and intervention can come by applying social learning