Why Panic Disorder and Anxiety Cause Sleep Issues

Why Panic Disorder and Anxiety Cause Sleep Issues Panic Disorder Related Conditions Print Why Panic Disorder and Anxiety Cause Sleep Issues By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on October 17, 2019 Adam Hester / Blend Images / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Related Conditions Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping People with panic disorder, panic attacks, and other anxiety disorders are often susceptible to sleep issues.?? Worrisome thoughts or fears may keep you from falling asleep at night. While troublesome symptoms of panic and anxiety can wake you from your sleep. Are persistent fears, anxiety symptoms, and panic attacks preventing you from getting the rest you need? The following describes some common sleep issues for people with panic disorder, along with ways to cope and treat them. Is Worry and Anxiety Keeping You Up? Many people with anxiety disorders have a difficult time managing negative thoughts and worries. People with panic disorder are often all too accustomed to the uncomfortable feeling of frequent worrying. You may find yourself worrying about many aspects of your life. Perhaps you worry about events that have passed, your current situation, or what is ahead in your future. You may worry about your career, relationships, and other responsibilities in your life. Regardless of the source of your worry, these feelings of uneasiness can also be a source of stress that prevents you from getting a good night’s rest. Worrying at night can make it difficult to “shut off” your mind and get the rest you need. Troublesome thoughts can even lead to sleep disturbances, such as ?insomnia, making it difficult to fall or stay asleep over prolonged periods of time. Nocturnal Panic Attacks Panic attacks are the main symptom of panic disorder but can also be associated with other mental health conditions, including agoraphobia, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and specific phobias. These attacks may also be linked to a medical condition, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or gastroesophageal ?reflux disease (GERD).?? Panic attacks are often experienced through a combination of physical, mental, and emotional symptoms. Typical somatic sensations that occur during a panic attack include: Heart palpitationsTremblingShakingFeelings of numbness and tinglingChest painDizzinessShortness of breathExcessive sweating and nausea You may become frightened and have symptoms of depersonalization and derealization, experiencing a sense of disconnection from yourself and reality. When panic strikes, a person may also fear losing control, going insane, or even possibly dying from these symptoms.?? Nocturnal panic attacks share the same symptoms as panic attacks that occur during the day, but they occur when a person is asleep. Waking from a panic attack can heighten fear and anxiety, potentially leading to sleep issues. When awakened from a panic attack, a person may find it difficult to fall back to sleep. If this occurs regularly, the person may become prone to sleep deprivation.?? How Nocturnal Panic Attacks Interfere With Sleep Related Sleep Disorders Nocturnal panic attacks have been linked to other sleep disturbances, including: Sleep Apnea Sleep apnea, one of the most common sleep disorders, causes a person to have a sudden break in breathing or extremely shallow breath while asleep. Some of the symptoms of sleep apnea, such as shortness of breath and feelings of suffocating, overlap with that of nocturnal panic attacks.?? Sleep Paralysis Sleep paralysis occurs when a person becomes consciously awake but cannot move, speak, or gain control over the body. When sleep paralysis occurs, a person may become afraid of being moved or fearful of never waking up. Sleep paralysis often sets in as a person is either falling asleep or waking up and is caused by a disruption to the sleep cycle. This condition includes sensations of choking and fears of losing control.?? Some studies have found a significant co-occurrence between sleep paralysis and anxiety disorders, including panic disorder. Nightmares Scary or upsetting dreams may occur with the onset of nocturnal panic attacks. A person may awaken from a nightmare and begin experiencing the uncomfortable symptoms of a panic attack, such as excessive sweating, accelerated heart rate, or overwhelming fear and anxiety.?? Night terrors Night terrors are more common among children but can be present in adults, too. Much like nocturnal panic attacks, night terrors involve intense feelings of fear and apprehension, trembling, sweating, shaking, and feelings of fear and dread. Night terrors are different from panic attacks in that they occur during a severe nightmare and often involve screaming, thrashing movements, and crying. A person experiencing night terrors is often unaware of their symptoms, which subside once they awaken.?? Treatment Sleep disturbances and anxiety can form a vicious cycle. People with panic disorder and those who experience anxiety often have trouble sleeping and the resulting sleep deprivation can result in more anxiety and exacerbated symptoms.?? If you believe you have developed a sleep disturbance and/or are experiencing the symptoms of panic disorder, anxiety, and panic attacks, consult with a mental health professional. Medications for panic disorder, such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications, may help ease the severity of your nocturnal and daytime panic attacks.?? Attending in-person and online anxiety support groups and psychotherapy can also help you learn ways to stop worrying, acquire good sleep hygiene, and learn effective strategies for getting through panic attacks.?? The Best Online Therapy Programs

Civil Slavery, By Francis Wayland Essay - 1180 Words

In â€Å"Domestic Slavery,† Francis Wayland makes the case for the theological prohibition, and so general abolition, of racial slavery. His particular thesis is most apparent in his conclusion, where he claims that â€Å"the Christian religion not only forbids slavery, but that it also provides the only method in which, after it has been established, it may be abolished, and that with the entire safety and benefit to both parties† (197). Wayland’s argument therefore has two burdens: first, to show how Christianity establishes a prohibition against slavery; and second, to show how Christianity provides the peaceful means of abolishing the already existing and entrenched system of racial slavery. The innovation of Wayland’s argument is how the first claim is linked to the second. Interpreting in terms of its principles, slavery gives the master right to direct the enslaved person’s actions toward the end of the master’s happiness. Wayland reco gnizes this as a violation of God’s created order. All aspects of the labor of the enslaved are subject to the benefit of the master. Moreover, in this arrangement, the master is responsible for the intellectual development, and—what is primarily Wayland’s concern—the moral development of the enslaved person. By possessing agency over the enslaved’s moral development, which is properly the role of God, the master renders â€Å"the eternal happiness of the one part subservient to the temporal happiness of the other† (188). If such principles weren’tShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Hobomok : A Tale Of Early Times1136 Words   |  5 PagesLydia Maria Child was born to David Francis and Susannah Rand Francis on February 11, 1802, in Medford, Massachusetts. Child was the youngest of seven children and because her upbringing was lacking due to her gender. Her father was as successful baker in town and because of this was respected by many. His respect allowed Lydia to grow up with little to no disrespect. Her access to public education was slim so her own drive and interest was how she gained her education. Her brother Convers, a UnitarianRead MoreOne Nation Under God: The Lasting Effects of the Second Great Awakening1803 Words   |  8 PagesGod would bring His plans for humanity to fulfillment,† ministers felt compelled to encourage a transformation in society. According to Francis Wayland, such a social transformation could only come from Christianity, since â€Å"man has never correctly understood nor successfully asserted his rights, until he has learned them from the Bible....† Accordingly, Francis concluded that because the American people, a Christian model to the world, possessed the rightful knowledge of these truths, it thus becameRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: a Portrait of Slavery in America2175 Words   |  9 PagesOF HUCKLEBERRY FINN: A PORTRAIT OF SLAVERY IN AMERICA by John Femia At the surface, Mark Twain s famed novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is a thrilling narrative told by a 13-year-old boy who embarks on a perilous journey down the formidable Mississippi River aboard a tiny wooden raft. The story s sensationalism sometimes makes Huck s journey seem unbelievable. Underneath, however, lies an authentic portrait of the institution of slavery in America during the 1850s. AlthoughRead More The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: A Portrait of Slavery in America2155 Words   |  9 PagesADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN: A PORTRAIT OF SLAVERY IN AMERICA by John Femia At the surface, Mark Twain’s famed novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is a thrilling narrative told by a 13-year-old boy who embarks on a perilous journey down the formidable Mississippi River aboard a tiny wooden raft. The story’s sensationalism sometimes makes Huck’s journey seem unbelievable. Underneath, however, lies an authentic portrait of the institution of slavery in America during the 1850s. Although born

The Development of Nurse Practitioners - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1039 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/02/06 Category Nursing Essay Level High school Tags: Nurse Practitioner Essay Did you like this example? The development of nurse practitioners commenced in the late 1950s, physicians mentored nurses who had clinical experience. More physicians began to specialize in medicine leading many areas into a shortage in primary care. Starting in 1965, Medicaid and Medicare programs provided coverage for low income families, elderly, and people with disabilities, increasing the demand of primary care services. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Development of Nurse Practitioners" essay for you Create order Due to so many physicians not specializing in primary care anymore they were unable to meet the demand. Nurses believed they were qualified to step up and expand their role to meet the need. Two individuals by the name of Loretta Ford and Henry Silver created the first training program for nurse practitioners. The program’s studies focused on health promotion, disease prevention, and the health of children and families (How Nurse Practitioners Obtained Provider Status: Lessons for Pharmacists). Societys demand for primary care services and nurses’ potential were the reason for the development of nurse practitioners. More than half a century later their roles have branched out from primary to also acute and specialty care for patients of all ages. They are important to having a healthy community and their positions will continually need to be fulfilled. By 2026, the Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that the nurse practitioner profession will have grown by 36% compar ed to 37% for physician assistants and 13% for physicians (â€Å"Number of Nurse Practitioners Hits New Record High†). However, there are many advantages and disadvantages of being a nurse practitioner. Nurse practitioners are constantly needed because of their abilities to do a gamut of tasks and primary care services. Alternatively, a career as a nurse practitioner has several disadvantages. Other than the extensive training, finding a job after graduating can be very difficult because many employers look for experienced providers. The more diverse background, the more likely they are going to be hired. Not to mention they work long hours and there may be on-call expectations, Dr. Stephen Ferrara says, â€Å"I am not the biggest fan of being tied to a pager/cellphone.† (â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Being a Nurse Practitioner†). They work at least 40 hours including weekends and night shifts if they work at hospitals. Long hours may affect the nurse’s family and social life. Nurse practitioners have more control over their hours when they independently practice or work in non-emergency clinics. Also, nurses in clinics or hospitals have higher risks as they are ex posed to blood, contagious diseases, or side effects of any chemicals and medicine they are around. If they are not cautious, they can develop the disease they come in contact with. Another challenge they could face are legal risks because in most states nurse practitioners can diagnose, treat patients, and prescribe medicine. This leaves them open to lawsuits from patients that believe they are a victim of malpractice. This occurs if patients are unhappy with their treatment, do not recover, or medications are given in the wrong doses. In addition, if the patient dies the patient’s family may also file a lawsuit against the nurse practitioner. Malpractice insurance can be purchased but would take a large amount of a nurse practitioner’s income since they do not make as much as a doctor. Sometimes malpractice coverage is included as an employment benefit. Not only do nurse practitioners have to worry about lawsuits but some deal with stress daily. It is like their pati ents’ lives are in their hands, if they come with a problem/injury it is a nurse practitioner’s job to provide a treatment plan. Although, in some cases, a patient cannot be treated or saved which causes the nurse to deal with angry or grieving relatives. On top of this emotional stress that is created they can often have conflicts with the doctors about the diagnosis and/or treatment plan. As shown above being a nurse practitioner does have its cons, but they are things that can be overcome. On the other hand, there are great advantages of being a nurse practitioner including increased independent practice, prescriptive authority, competitive compensation, and endless opportunities. They can gain relationships and trust with their patients. Both their patients and their patients’ families are supported by the nurse. Nurse practitioners monitor the health and lifestyle of their patients at a preventative approach instead of treating a medical problem after it happens. They hold a higher position than a registered nurse but equal to a physician even though they only obtain a master’s degree. Also, they do not have to go through medical school and internships required for doctors. All this allows them to cut the time it takes to start their career. Nurse practitioners have the power to specialize in a specific medical field, such as cardiology or oncology, also focus on a specific area of practice. They have so many potential paths they can choose from and can change their path at any time. A nurse practitioner is not limited to their usual clinical setting. They could take on educating other nurses, conduct medical research, hold a medical-related corporate position, and more. Furthermore, nursing can be very interesting, it is rare that they see the same exact situation more than once. There are new challenges and opportunities to learn everyday they walk into their work place. Another pro is that nursing is a highly secure career pathway due to the shortage of doctors. Most nurse practitioners can practice independently and start their own private practices. In 21 states and District of Columbia nurse practitioners are allowed to practice without a physician. Independent practice is growing rapidly as more and more legislatures are removing the barrier that prevents nurse practitioners from providing healthcare services. Nurse practitioners or nurse practitioner students have a lot of support. For example, they can join the AANP (American Association of Nurse Practitioners) they are known as â€Å"The Voice of the Nurse Practitioner.† This is a group that provides yearly conferences, an online job center, and a place for nurse practitioners to list their businesses. Membership also includes discounted liability insurance and long-term care plans. Dues for the AANP costs $55 a year for a student and $125 a year for an employed nurse practitioner (â€Å"ANCC vs. AANP Certification). Although the path to certification is challenging, it comes with rewarding benefits.

Is Globalization Americanization Free Essays

It took me a while to try to work â€Å"glocal† out. This is my way of saying I had a tough time trying to wrap my mind around what exactly is glocal. To me it is open to interpretation; people will have their own theories on what it means. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Globalization Americanization? or any similar topic only for you Order Now To me it is something that is global but has a slight variation to fit in locally or think local but act global. I see it as thinking global but adapting business to fit local needs and demands while having a global approach to the business, basically, honoring business traditions and customs and adapting product and services for regional intake according to local culture. Cultural items become glocal when they can be seen and found around the world but are changed to fit in locally. These items can be globalized at any time, whenever a company wishes to go global then it can modify changes according to local standards. Walmart is well known just like McDonalds, they have 6,155 stores internationally. These stores have merchandise and practices to fit into the local cultures. This is also the case for stores in the U. S. For instance, the Walmart in our little town has merchandise specifically for our area and the Walmart 15 miles away in another town sell merchandise specifically for that town. I have been trying to say away from McDonalds; even in last week’s paper, to me it was like beating a dead horse. I tried to use examples not many classmates would have used. To me it would be nice for the reader to have something different to read instead of having a dozen or so papers all using the same examples. This worked for me because it made my research interesting and I was able to learn new things. This week I will play it safe and use only examples used in the textbook, which by the way, was informative. This brings me back to McDonalds, which is a very good example. McDonalds is a U. S based company who has expanded to 119 countries. As a glocal company they ensure their foods looks and taste the same everywhere, uniformity is essential for large corporations who want to please their customers regardless of where their travels take them. They fit in locally with local customs, such as McDonalds in New Delhi serve vegetable McNuggets or fried egg with the burgers in Montevideo. Often time’s glocal companies who offer products that fit into the local culture purchase these products locally, which helps add to their success. When it comes to a glocal movie the textbook gave a good example, Spiderman. Marvel Comics took Spiderman to a new level when they took the movie franchise to India. They made changes to the movie that fit with local customs, giving India their first superhero. The characters clothing was slightly different and the story line was changed to draw in India’s market. The Glocal franchise succeeded, even though the story had drastic changes, to the point it would be unrecognizable to U. S. viewers, it worked for India viewers. Growing up I remember MTV first coming on the air. This was when cable first came out in the early 80’s. What I find interesting is MTV was based in New York City at the time, I believe they still are, but while reading this week’s assignment it said the first video played on MTV was a British band, I thought there was a little irony there. However, MTV meets the demand wherever they are globally. Their programming is contingent on local demands. In Brazil MTV play music videos and other programming determined by the local producers. MTV in Asia endorses Thai pop stars and play music videos sung in Mandarin. What makes the three examples I used glocal is all three have ability to be international models with the flexibility to allow for local changes, so they have a global company or product that becomes local and function as both. Other companies such as Fila, an Italian shoe maker makes the same shoe that is sold around the world. Modifications are not needed to sell the shoes internationally; this makes them an international model that does not need to be flexible. It will remain an international item or one that always reflects its culture. How to cite Is Globalization Americanization?, Papers Is Globalization Americanization Free Essays Is Globalization Americanization? In my opinion, I don’t believe an item’s history and origin make it inevitably American. This is partly because some items don’t gain the popularity here, but rather outside the country. In addition, some franchises are seen in so many countries that while it’s likely known that it originated in America, that’s the only â€Å"American† thing about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Globalization Americanization? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lastly, some For the fast food examples such as McDonald’s or Starbucks, they are probably best known in terms of their origin and the most popular in terms of being â€Å"American†. Both chains have been around for decades – McDonalds, since 1955 (mcdonalds. com, 2012) and Starbucks, since 1971 (starbucks. com, 2012). Both chains have continued to grow and expand to immense proportions. McDonalds currently has locations in 119 countries (en. wikipedia. org, 2012), while Starbucks follows at a respectable 50 countries (starbucks. com, 2012). They are both good examples of â€Å"American† chains however I don’t think that simply originating in America created that label. I think that if that were the case, there wouldn’t have been as much success in other countries. I think that these chains have been able to expand so much simply because they’re so popular. In theory, much of their popularity might come down to the attraction from tourists, whether famous and popular or unknown. One public message about a great restaurant is good press alone and can cause frenzy. For the television show example, I think Oprah says it all. The Oprah Winfrey Show became its own in 1986 (en. wikipedia. org, 2012). Since then, she has become has become a household name both in American and internationally. At its height, the Oprah Winfrey show aired in 149 countries (en. wikipedia. org, 2012). I think that with the viewership in other countries, it just goes to show that while the Oprah phenomenon started in America, it has certainly branched out; therefore, America is only where she’s from, not who she is. The musical example falls on the Beatles. I think they are maybe an especially important example of the American versus not question. The reason being is that although they originated in England, due to their talent of singing, if you didn’t already know where they were from, there was no immediate awareness as to their origin – at least for later generations such as myself who still love their songs years after the initial release. The point is that with the Beatles as n example, if the theory about popularity or globalization meaning American is true, then one could think they originated here because they became so popular. Obviously it has been well known for years that they originated in England; but if that knowledge was not immediately known, then they could have been from anywhere. In all fairness, the argument is probably strong both ways. I can absolutely see the point of view that Globalization can be perceived as originating from America. However, I feel even more strongly, that when you take a closer look, it really doesn’t matter when an item actually originated; it all comes down to popularity. References: Our Heritage. (2012, January 9). Starbucks. com. Retrieved from: http://www. starbucks. com/about-us/our-heritage Our History. (2012, January 9). McDonald’s. com. Retrieved from: http://www. mcdonalds. com/us/en/our_story/our_history. html McDonald’s. (2012, January 9). McDonald’s Global Operations. Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonalds#Global_operations How to cite Is Globalization Americanization?, Papers

Rhapsody on a Windy Night Essay Example

Rhapsody on a Windy Night Essay Rhapsody on a Windy Night This modernist text reflects the conflicted emotions and perspectives regarding the war and its aftermath. The odd an almost non-sensual literature presented by T. S. Elliot is enhances by the detailed imagery he embodies. Corresponding with the modernist literature movement, Elliot manifests Surrealist notions of an unconscious, abstract and dream-like atmosphere within his poetry, utilising the subconscious mind as a medium. As Rhapsody on a Windy Night depict mainly the themes of isolation, hopelessness and lack or loss of affection without society, as does Rene Magritte’s Les profondeurs du plaisir, which translates directly into The Depths of Pleasure. The themes of isolation, hopelessness and insanity are heightened greatly through the use of imagery and allusions. As the opening of the poem originates at midnight ‘the gloomiest’ time of the night with the only source of light irradiating from the moon, the only things can be seen through the moonlight indicating the importance of the moon. In a traditional sense, the moon was seen to represent the womanly grace associated with physic, intuitive and mysteriousness yet also in a way presenting a dark nature welded in a realm between the conscious and the unconscious. The fragile wordings embody the compassionate feats of the feminine and motherly side of the moon as she tenderly ‘smooths the hair of the grass. ’ However there is a radical change in tone as ‘A washed-out smallpox cracks her face. As this line is ambiguous as to whether the persona was referring to the moon or a woman’s facial features or perhaps both. However in the artwork, a depiction of a crescent moon illuminates to a different notion of the beginning of a renewal cyclic change. The loss of affection throughout the poem is seen as a one of the most significant resulting in various forms of alienation. A prime example of such a theme can be seen through the image of the prostitute within the poetry. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhapsody on a Windy Night specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rhapsody on a Windy Night specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rhapsody on a Windy Night specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although she may appear generally as a sexual predator attempting to lure degenerate men for their wealth, a surrealist interpretation may delve deeper into the latent and suppressed nature of the subconscious. The notion of the loss of affection is accentuated as the persona observes the woman with the ‘crooked pin’ eye. When observing a prostitute in a Surrealist circumstance it may initiate our sense of guilt and uncertainty or a sense of inadequacy of ‘prostituting’ our talents to the world. In this particular artwork, the woman characterized from Magritte’s Les profondeurs du plaisir, is seen exposing her bare self to the world in such a manner. As of this picture, the isolation of communication is fairly prominent as the woman stares out her window towards the waning moon residing in the horizon amongst the broad spectrum of water. Through her nudity, an almost certain assumption of her prostitution is almost inevitable. Her body physique in the artwork can be interpreted as stiff, perhaps in response from her supposed occupation accenting the theme of the deprivation of affection. Being deprived of such endearment causes alienation both personally and within a society. Elliots’ attempt to show such events can be witnessed as he describes the border of dress as torn and stained with sand. Overall. Elliot limits each viewer’s knowledge of the persona and his surrounding intending to materialise different emotional response from each in the layers of each subconscious mind.

Effects of Cultural Lag

Effects of Cultural Lag Cultural lag - also called culture lag - describes what happens in a social system when the ideals that regulate life do not keep pace with other changes which are often  - but not always  - technological. Advances in technology and in other areas effectively render old ideals and social norms obsolete, leading to ethical conflicts and crises.   The Cultural Lag Concept   The cultural lag concept was first theorized and the term was coined by William F. Ogburn, an American sociologist, in his book Social Change  With Respect to Culture and Original Nature, published in 1922. Ogden felt that materiality - and by extension, the technology that promotes  it  - advances at a rapid pace, whereas societal norms tend to resist change and advance much more slowly. Innovation surpasses adaptation and this creates conflict.   Some Examples of Cultural Lag   Medical technology has advanced at such a pace as to put it in conflict with several moral and ethical beliefs. Here are a few examples:   Life Support:  Medical technology is now being used to keep people’s bodies functioning long after they would otherwise have been declared dead. This raises cultural and ethical questions about when life ends and who has the right to end artificial life support or to prolong existence. The development of new cultural beliefs, values, and norms lags behind the dilemmas posed by the technological change.  Stem cell research and therapies:  Stem cells have been proven to defeat a host of diseases, yet they must come from unborn fetuses. Some types of abortion remain illegal on several state and federal levels, creating a conflict between medical advancement, the law, and ethical and religious beliefs.  Cancer vaccines:  A vaccine against cervical cancer became available in the 21st century, but some oppose it because it is given to preteens. This is seen in some quarters as encouraging youngsters to engage in sexual activity. Again, medical advancement has outpaced cult ural and moral considerations.   Other Cultural Lags in the 20th Century   History  - and particularly recent history  - is rife with other, less traumatic examples of cultural lag that nonetheless support Ogburns position. Technology and society are fast-paced, and human nature and inclination are slow to catch up. Despite their many advantages over the handwritten word, typewriters werent routinely used in offices until 50 years after their invention. A similar situation exists with the computers and word processors that are commonplace in businesses today. They were at first met with objections from labor  unions that they would undermine the workforce, ultimately replacing people and ultimately costing jobs.   Is There a Cure?   Human nature being what it is, its unlikely that any solution exists for cultural lag. The human intellect will always strive to find ways to do things faster and more easily. It has always attempted to fix problems thought to be insurmountable. But people are wary by nature, wanting proof that something is good and worthwhile before accepting and embracing it. Cultural lag has been around since man first invented the wheel, and woman worried that traveling so fast would surely cause grievous injury.

Timeline of Indias Mughal Empire

Timeline of Indias Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire stretched across most of northern and central India, and what is now Pakistan, from 1526 to 1857, when the British exiled the last Mughal emperor. Together, the Muslim Mughal rulers and their predominantly Hindu subjects created a golden age in Indian history, full of art, scientific achievement, and stunning architecture. Later in the Mughal period, however, the emperors faced increasing encroachment by the French and the British, which ended with the fall of the Mughal Empire in 1857. Timeline of Mughal India April 21, 1526: First Battle of Panipat, Babur defeats Ibrahim Lodhi, Sultan of Delhi, and founds Mughal EmpireMarch 17, 1527: Battle of Khanwa, Babur conquers the combined army of the Rajput princes and takes control of much of northern IndiaDec. 26, 1530: Babur dies, is succeeded by son HumayanJuly 11, 1543: Pashtun leader Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayan, drives him into exile in Afghanistan1554: Humayan travels to Persia, hosted by Safavid emperorJuly 23, 1555: Discord among Sher Shah Suris successors allows Humayun to retake control of northern India, be restored to Mughal throneJan. 17, 1556: Humayan falls down stairs and dies, succeeded by 13-year-old son Akbar, later Akbar the GreatNov. 5, 1556: Second Battle of Panipat, child Emperor Akbars army defeats Hemus Hindu forces1560s - 1570s: Akbar consolidates Mughal rule over much of northern and central India, as well as what is now Pakistan and BangladeshOct. 27, 1605: Akbar the Great dies, succeeded by his son Jahangir1613: The British East India Company defeats Portuguese at Surat, Gujarat State and establishes the  first warehouse in India 1615: Britain sends the first ambassador, Sir Thomas Roe, to Mughal court1620s: Mughal art reaches a high point under Jahangirs rule1627: Emperor Jahangir dies, succeeded by son Shah Jahan1632: Shah Jahan orders destruction of newly-built Hindu temples, breaking with Mughal record of religious tolerance1632: Shah Jahan designs and begins building Taj Mahal as a tomb for his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal1644: British East India Company builds Fort St. George in Madras (now Chennai), southeast coastal India1658: Aurangzeb imprisons his father, Shah Jahan, for the rest of his life in the Red Fort at Agra1660s-1690s: Aurangzeb expands Mughal rule to more than 3.2 million square km, including Assam, the Deccan plateau, and parts of southern India1671: Aurangzeb orders construction of the Badshahi Mosque at Lahore, now in Pakistan1696: Establishment of British East India Companys Fort William on Ganges delta, fort and trading factory which becomes Calcutta (Kolkata)March 3, 1707: Death of Au rangzeb marks the end of Mughal Golden Era, beginning of slow decline; he is succeeded by son Bahadur Shah I Feb. 27, 1712: Bahadur Shah I dies, succeeded by incompetent son Jahandar ShahFeb. 11, 1713: Jahandar Shah is executed by agents of nephew Farrukhsiyar, who takes the Mughal throne1713 - 1719: Weak-willed Emperor Farrukhsiyar falls under the control of Syed brothers, two generals and king-makers who had helped depose Jahandar ShahFeb. 28, 1719: Syed brothers have Emperor Farrukhsiyar blinded and strangled; his cousin Rafi ud-Darjat becomes new Mughal emperorJune 13, 1719: 19-year-old Emperor Rafi ud-Darjat is murdered at Agra after just three months on the throne; Syeds appoint brother Rafi ud-Daulah to succeed himSept. 19, 1719: Syeds kill 23-year-old Emperor Rafi ud-Daulah after three months on the throneSept. 27, 1719: Syed brothers place 17-year-old Muhammad Shah on Mughal throne and rule in his name until 1720Oct. 9, 1720: Emperor Muhammad Shah orders Syed Hussain Ali Khan killed at Fatehpur SikriOct. 12, 1722: Emperor Muhammad Shah has Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha poisoned to dea th, takes power in his own right 1728 - 1763: Mughal-Maratha Wars; Marathas seize Gujarat and Malwa, raid DelhiFeb. 13, 1739: Nader Shah of Persia invades India, wins Battle of Karnal, loots Delhi, steals Mughal Peacock ThroneMarch 11, 1748: Battle of Manipur, Mughal Army defeats Durrani invasion force from AfghanistanApr. 26, 1748: Emperor Muhammad Shah dies, succeeded by 22-year-old son Ahmad Shah BahadurMay  1754: Battle of Sikandarabad, Marathas defeat Mughal Imperial Army, kill 15,000 Mughal troopsJune 2, 1754: Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur deposed and blinded by Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk; former emperor spends rest of life in prison, dying in 1775June 3, 1754: Imad-ul-Mulk appoints Alamgir II, the 55-year-old second son of Jahandar Shah, as the new Mughal Emperor1756: British make lurid charges about imprisonment and death of 123 British and Anglo-Indian troops by Bengali captors in Black Hole of Calcutta; story likely fabricatedNov. 29, 1759: Imad-ul-Mulk and Maratha ruler Sadashivrao Bhau conspire to murder Alamgir II, place Aurangzebs grandson Shah Jahan III on Mughal throne Oct. 10, 1760: Shah Jahan III deposed after less than a year, but survives until 1772; succeeded by Alamgir IIs son, Shah Alam IIOct. 1760 - 1806: Emperor Shah Alam II, in alliance with Durranis, works to restore the glory of Mughal EmpireOct. 23, 1764: Battle of Buxar, British East India Company defeats the combined army of Emperor Shah Alam II and the nawabs of Awadh and BengalNov. 19, 1806: Emperor Shah Alam II dies, marking the end of effective leadership from Mughal Dynasty; he is succeeded by hapless son Akbar Shah II, who is a puppet of the BritishSept. 28, 1837: Akbar Shah II dies at age of 77, succeeded as a puppet ruler by son Bahadur Shah II1857: Use of pork and/or beef fat on army cartridges sets off the Sepoy Mutiny or Indian Revolt1858: British use Indian Revolt of 1857 as the pretext to exile last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah II, to Rangoon, Burma; Mughal dynasty ends